Sentence
A group of words that makes a
complete sense is called sentence. A sentence starts with a capital letter and
ends with full stop , a question mark or a sign of exclamation.
Examples:
1.
Allama
Iqbal is our national poet.
2.
The
sun rises in the east.
3.
The
rose smells sweet.
4.
Pakistan
is an agriculture country.
5.
There
are sheep in the meadow.
Parts of a sentence
Subject: The thing or person you are talking about is called a subject, for example
Shahid, he , she ,they, you etc.
Verb:
A word that describes an action or state is
called a verb, for example has, have, am, is, are, come, go, drink, eat etc.
Object:
A person or
thing to which something is done is called an object.
Examples
The words with green color are subjects, orange are verb and yellow are objects
1.
They are farmers.
2.
I am a boy.
3.
He was my cousin.
4.
She eats mangoes.
5.
I learn my lesson.
6.
He writes a letter.
7.
I shall win.
8.
We run.
9.
You tell a story.
10.
They have a car.
Subject and predicate
Every sentence has a subject and a
predicate.
Subject: The part of a sentence which names the person or thing we are
speaking about is called a subject.
Predicate: The part of a sentence which tells something about the subject is
called a predicate.
Examples
|
Subject |
Predicate |
|
|
H.verb/Verb |
Object |
|
|
She |
Wrote |
a letter. |
|
He |
Is |
My brother. |
|
They |
Are |
Working in
office. |
|
Sana |
Laughed. |
|
|
My friend |
Came |
To me. |
Direct object and indirect
object
A direct object is the noun or
pronoun receiving the action. A direct object answer the question 'what?'. Look
again at the example from above: 'She wrote a letter.' The action is 'write,'
so ask yourself, 'what is being written?' The 'Letter' is being written, and so
the letter is the direct object.
Note: A direct
object is usually a non-living thing.
Indirect Object: an indirect
object is the noun or pronoun affected by the action and indirect object answer
the question whom? You can say that indirect object is the recipient of direct
object.
Note: An
indirect object is usually a living thing.
Example:
1.
Akbar
gave a book. Direct object
2.
Akbar
gave Nasir a
book. Indirect Object
In the first
sentence ‘Akbar gave a book’. The ‘book’ is the direct object. In the second sentence
we have two objects ‘ a book’ and ‘Nasir’. ‘ A book ‘ is the direct object and
‘Nasir’ is the indirect Object.
Note: If a
sentence contain direct and indirect object both then indirect object should
come first.
Example:
1.
My
mother bought me a car.
In this
sentence me living thing and is indirect object and car is non-living thing and
is direct object.
But if we
brought direct object first then we have to use for or to as
1.
My
mother brought a car for
me.
2.
Shahid
gave a pen to me.
Read the
following sentences carefully.
Sentences
1.
He
gave Aslam a flower.
2.
She
showed me a camera
3.
Our
grandmother told us a story.
4.
He
sent them a car.
5.
I bought
Aslam a shirt.
|
Direct
Object |
Indirect object |
|
Flower |
Aslam |
|
Camera |
Me |
|
Story |
Us |
|
Car |
Them |
|
Shirt |
Aslam |
Kinds of Sentences
There are five kinds of sentences
according to their meanings.
1.
Declarative
Sentences
2.
Interrogative
Sentences
3.
Imperative
Sentences
4.
Exclamatory
Sentences
5.
Optative
Sentences
1)
Declarative Sentences
A declarative Sentence makes a
statement.
1.
The
players are playing cricket.
2.
The
bell is ringing.
3.
They
were not sleeping.
4.
The
birds are not chirping.
2)
Interrogative
Sentences
If something is asked in a sentence,
it is called an interrogative sentence.
1.
Do
they quarrel?
2.
Do
you take tea?
3.
Is
your father at home?
4.
Is
he sick?
3)
Imperative Sentences
A sentence which expresses a
command, advice, a request or a prohibition is called an imperative sentence.
1.
Open
the door.
2.
Please
help me.
3.
Speak
up.
4.
Do
not split on the floor.
5.
Go
to your room.
4)
Exclamatory Sentences
A sentence which shows surprise,
anger or excitement is called an exclamatory sentence.
1.
Hurrah,
we have won the match!
2.
How
foolish he is!
3.
What
a shot!
4.
How
cold the night is!
Note: An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark ( ! )
5)
Optative Sentences
The sentence which express some
pray, wish, desire or hope are called optative sentences.
1.
Long
live Pakistan.
2.
May
you go to hell.
3.
May
you live long.
4.
May
we win the match.
5.
May
Allah help you.
Examples of different kinds of
sentences
Identify different kinds of
sentences
|
Sentences |
Types |
|
May you recover soon. |
Optative |
|
Bring me a glass of water, please. |
Imperative |
|
Did he go to school? |
Interrogative |
|
I cannot come to shop. |
Declarative |
|
He goes for a morning walk daily. |
Declarative |
|
May God protect you. |
Optative |
|
Hurrah! We have won the match. |
Exclamatory |
|
Open the door. |
Imperative |
|
He works hard in exams. |
Declarative |
Note:
Negative Sentences come in kind of declarative sentences.
Kinds of Sentences
Construction Wise
There are three main kinds of
sentences according to their construction.
1.
Simple
sentences
2.
Compound
sentences
3.
Complex
sentences
Simple Sentences
It consists of one basic verb and
expresses one thought.
Examples:
1.
We
are friends.
2.
The
cow gives milk.
3.
They
are farmers.
4.
The
children are playing.
Compound Sentences
A simple sentence has just one
subject and predicate. A compound sentence contains two or more simple
sentences.
Examples:
Simple
sentences: The class started. We opened our
books.
Compound
sentences: The class started , and we opened
our books.
Another examples with more than two
sentences
Compound
sentences: The class started , and we opened
our books, and the teacher taught us a lesson.
More
Examples
1.
Sana
is my friend, and I help him.
2.
Adil
is poor, yet she is honest.
3.
He
is late, so you should go now.
4.
They
could not understand it nor could we.
5.
The
weather was cloudy, but it did not rain.
6.
You
should go there, or you should wait for him.
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence has one
independent clause (main clause) and one or two dependent clauses (Subordinating
clauses).
Examples:
|
Dependent Clause |
Independent clause |
|
Because they
were hardworking, |
They earned a
lot. |
|
If you go
there, |
Buy a mobile
for me. |
|
Whenever she
comes, |
We have a
chat. |
|
After the
game ended, |
We had lunch. |
|
When you see
Aslam, |
Give her the
keys. |
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